Patient Education: Diseases Conditions Treatments & Procedures

Osteoporosis

Introduction

Osteoporosis, which literally means ‘porous bone', is a relatively common disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue. This leads to increased bone fragility and risk of fracture (broken bones), particularly of the hip, spine and wrist.

No single cause for osteoporosis has been identified. However, certain factors seem to play a role in the development. Several of these factors have been shown to be stronger predictors of bone loss than others and are therefore considered major risk factors.

Major risk factors for osteoporosis and fracture include: Age 65 or older, Family history of fracture due to osteoporosis especially a history of maternal hip fracture, Medical conditions (such as celiac disease, Crohn's disease) that inhibit absorption of nutrients, Tendency to fall, Vertebral compression fracture, Fracture with minimal trauma after age 40, A history of corticosteroid use, Hypogonadism (low testosterone in men, loss of menstrual periods in younger women), Early menopause (before age 45)

Good nutrition and exercise (for example brisk walking or dancing) and weight-bearing exercise are important. Quitting smoking is highly recommended and a diet low in caffeine, salt and fizzy soft drinks.

A common result of osteoporosis is fractures - most of them in the spine, hip or wrist.