Safe use of antiviral agents: pregnancy & breastfeeding
Pregnancy
Not expected to increase risk of major congenital malformations.
Breastfeeding
Considered safe during breastfeeding.
Amounts found in breast milk are lower than the neonatal acyclovir dosage.
Pregnancy
Limited human data.
Case reports of congenital malformation with exposure in pregnancy.
Use of an alternate antiviral agent with a known safety profile would be preferred when possible.
Breastfeeding
No human data.
Suppresses prolactin production.
Use of an alternate antiviral agent with a known safety profile would be preferred when possible.
Pregnancy
Not expected to increase risk of major congenital malformations, based on a small number of exposures.
Breastfeeding
No human data.
Use of an alternate antiviral agent with a known safety profile would be preferred when possible.
Pregnancy
No human data in 1st trimester.
Case reports describe treatment in 2nd and 3rd trimester with no adverse effects in the neonates.
Should be used only when the benefit outweighs the unknown risk to the fetus.
Due to potential for renal toxicity, close follow up of the fetus and monitoring of amniotic fluid volume are recommended.
Breastfeeding
No human data.
Should be avoided during breastfeeding.
Pregnancy
Limited human data.
Should be used only when the benefit outweighs the unknown risk to the fetus.
Breastfeeding
No human data.
Pregnancy
Not expected to increase risk of major congenital malformations.
Plasma concentrations of the active metabolite of oseltamivir were found to be lower in pregnant women, likely due to the increase in renal blood flow and GFR in pregnancy. The clinical significance of this is unclear. However, shortening the dosing interval or increasing the dose may warrant consideration.
Breastfeeding
Not expected to cause adverse effects in breastfed infants.
Pregnancy
Not expected to increase risk of major congenital malformations.
Breastfeeding
Considered safe during breastfeeding.
Amounts found in breast milk are lower than the neonatal acyclovir dosage.
Pregnancy
Limited human data.
Should be used only when the benefit outweighs the unknown risk to the fetus.
Breastfeeding
No human data.
